Things you should know about “Ouagadougou” in Burkina Faso

Ouagadougou is the capital of Burkina Faso and the administrative, communications, cultural, and economic centre of the nation. It is also the country’s largest city, with a population of 2,200,000 in 2015. The city’s name is often shortened to Ouaga . The inhabitants are called ouagalais . The spelling of the name Ouagadougou is derived from the French orthography common in former French African colonies.
Ouagadougou’s primary industries are food processing and textiles. It is served by an international airport and is linked by rail to Abidjan in the Ivory Coast and, for freight only, to Kaya . There are several highways linking the city to Niamey , Niger , south to Ghana, and southwest to Ivory Coast . Ouagadougou has one of West Africa’s largest markets, which burned down in 2003 and has since reopened with better facilities and improved fire-prevention measures. Other attractions include the National Museum of Burkina Faso, the Moro-Naba Palace (site of the Moro-Naba Ceremony ), the National Museum of Music , and several craft markets.
History
Europe, Africa and the Near East in 1200, showing the Kingdom of Wagadugu (in West Africa, just to the right of the area labeled ’25’) and its neighbors.
The name Ouagadougou dates back to the 15th century when the Ninsi tribes inhabited the area. They were in constant conflict until 1441 when Wubri, a Yonyonse hero and an important figure in Burkina Faso ‘s history, led his tribe to victory. He then renamed the area from “Kumbee-Tenga”, as the Ninsi had called it, to “Wage sabre soba koumbem tenga”, meaning “head war chief’s village”. Ouagadougou is a Francophone spelling of the name. Monument des Héros Nationaux.
The city became the capital of the Mossi Empire in 1441 and became the permanent residence of the Mossi emperors (Moro-Naba) in 1681. The Moro-Naba Ceremony is still performed every Friday by the Moro-Naba and his court. In 1919 the French made Ouagadougou the capital of the Upper Volta territory (basically the same area as contemporary Burkina Faso). In 1954 the railroad line from Ivory Coast reached the city. Ouagadougou’s population doubled from 1954 to 1960 and has been doubling about every ten years since.
On 15 January 2016, gunmen armed with heavy weapons attacked central Ouagadougou at the Cappuccino restaurant and the Splendid Hotel. 28 people were killed, and at least 56 wounded; after a government counterattack, a total of 176 hostages were released the morning after the initial attack. Three of the perpetrators were also killed.
Geography
Ouagadougou, situated on the central plateau ( 12°24?N 1°30?W / 12.4°N 1.5°W ), grew around the imperial palace of the Mogho Naaba . An administrative centre of colonial rule, it became an important urban centre in the post-colonial era. First the capital of the Mossi Kingdoms and later of Upper Volta and Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou became a veritable communal centre in 1995.
Climate
Burkina Faso’s Geography and climate
Ouagadougou’s climate is hot semi-arid ( BSh) under Köppen-Geiger classification , and closely borders with tropical wet and dry. The city is part of the Sudano-Sahelian area, with annual rainfall of about 800 mm (31 in). The rainy season stretches from May to September, with an average temperature of 28 °C (82 °F). The cool season runs from October to February, with a minimum average temperature of 16 °C (61 °F). The maximum temperature during the hot season, which runs from March to April, can reach 43 °C (109 °F). The harmattan (a dry wind) and the West African Monsoon are the two main factors that determine Ouagadougou’s climate. Even though Ouagadougou is farther from the equator, its hottest months’ temperatures are slightly hotter than those of Bobo-Dioulasso , the country’s second most populous city.
Government
Town Hall of Ouagadougou
Ouagadougou’s first municipal elections were held in 1956. The city is governed by a mayor who is elected to a five-year term, two senior councillors, and 90 councillors.
The city is divided into five arrondissements, consisting of 30 sectors, which are subdivided into districts. Districts of Ouagadougou include Gounghin, Kamsaoghin, Koulouba, Moemmin, Niogsin, Paspanga, Peuloghin, Bilbalogho, and Tiendpalogo. Seventeen villages comprise the Ouagadougou metropolitan area, which is about 219.3 km 2 (84.7 sq mi).
The population of this area is estimated at 1,475,000, 48% of whom are men and 52% women. The rural population is about 5% and the urban population about 95% of the total, and the density is 6,727 inhabitants per square kilometre, according to the 2006 census.
Ouagadougou’s communes have invested in huge city-management projects. This is largely because Ouagadougou constitutes a ‘cultural centre’ by merit of holding the SIAO (International Arts and Crafts fair) and the FESPACO (Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou). Moreover, the villages’ growing affluence allows for such investment, and the population’s rapid growth necessitates it.
Education
Though literacy in Ouagadougou is not high, there are three universities in the city. The largest is the state University of Ouagadougou , which was founded in 1974. In 2010 it had around 40,000 students (83% of the national population of university students).
The city’s official language is French and the principal local languages are More , Dyula and Fulfulde. The bilingual program in schools (French plus one of the local languages) was established in 1994.
International schools include: Lycée Saint-Exupéry de Ouagadougou (French school), International School of Ouagadougou
Sport
Ouagadougou’s inhabitants play a wide array of sports, including association football, basketball, and volleyball. There are tournaments and activities organized by the local authorities. The
Stade du 4-Août is the home of Étoile Filante de Ouagadougou , the city’s main Football team.
Health
Ouagadougou has both state and private hospitals. The two state hospitals in the city are the Centre hospitalier national Yalgado Ouedraogo (CHNYO) and the Centre hospitalier national pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle (CHNP-CDG). Despite that, the local population still largely can only afford traditional local medicine and the “pharmacopée”.
Transport
Ouagadougou train station, Ouagadougou International Airport.
Many residents travel on motorcycles and mopeds. The large private vendor of motorcycles JC Megamonde sells 50,000 motorbikes and mopeds every year.
Ouagadougou’s citizens also travel in green cabs , which take their passengers anywhere in town for 200 to 400 CFA, but the price is higher after 10:00 pm.
Air transport
Ouagadougou Airport (code OUA) serves the area with flights to West Africa and Europe. Air Burkina has its head office in the Air Burkina Storey Building (French: Immeuble Air Burkina ) in Ouagadougou.
Rail
Further information: Rail transport in Burkina Faso
Ouagadougou is connected by passenger rail service to Bobo-Dioulasso , Koudougou and Ivory Coast . As of June 2014, Sitarail operates a passenger train three times a week along the route from Ouagadougou to Abidjan. [18] There are freight services to Kaya in the north of Burkina Faso and in 2014 plans were announced to revive freight services to the Manganese mine at Tambao starting in 2016.
Economy
Ouagadougou’s busy city centre
The economy of Ouagadougou is based on industry and commerce. Some industrial facilities have relocated from Bobo-Dioulasso to Ouagadougou, which has made the city an important industrial centre of Burkina Faso. The industrial areas of Kossodo and Gounghin are home to several processing plants and factories. The industry of Ouagadougou is sector that fuels urban growth, as people move to the city from the countryside to find employment in industry. The Copromof workshop in Ouagadougou sews cotton lingerie for the French label “Atelier Augusti.”
Ouagadougou is an important commercial centre. It is a centre where goods are collected and directed to rural areas. With a large consumer base, large amounts of energy sources, raw materials for buildings, agricultural products and livestock products are imported to the city. [20]
The economy is dominated by the informal sector, which is characterized by petty commodity production, and workers not necessarily having salaries. Traditional, informal trade is widespread and concentrated around markets and major roads, as well as in outlets in neighborhoods. There are also instances of modern economic practices with workplaces having qualified, stable labor forces, or more traditional forms of business such as family businesses.
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